Refichaje: políticos intentando cambiar una norma del Servel (2017)

Ha sido una ardua discusión pública entre políticos el tema del refichaje de los militantes para poder seguir existiendo. Aunque no es el tema de esta columna es imprescindible remarcar que los partidos son avalados oficialmente por el Estado y cuentan con una serie de beneficios como instrumentos democráticos.

El Servicio Electoral  (Servel) decretó bajo la Ley de Fortalecimiento de la Democracia que las colectividades existentes tienen plazo hasta el 14 de abril de 2017 para juntar 18000 afiliados y así poder mantener su condición de partido político. Si no, no son más y desaparecerían los que no cumplan la meta.

“Me parece que es una burla para nuestra democracia, una burla para la buena fe de los chilenos que creyeron que con los avances desde la Comisión Engel en probidad y transparencia se iban a terminar estas prácticas en política de, al final, tener anuncios y después lograr arreglar tras bambalinas situaciones que acomodaran a los partidos políticos” dijo Pedro Brown, diputado de Amplitud.

Y agregó que con esta decisión del Servel se daña, una vez más, la credibilidad y confianza en el sistema político, y sostuvo que sólo para los partidos políticos nuevos, “que quieren hacer que nuestra democracia tenga más alternativas, ponen todo tipo de barreras, todo tipo de dificultades, pero para ellos se arreglan entre cuatro paredes”, concluyó.

El enfrentamiento está entre los partidos tradicionales como la UDI, PPD, DC, RN, Radical, PS, PC versus nuevos protagonistas como PRI, Evópoli, Amplitud, Democracia Regional Patagónica, Izquierda Ciudadana, RD, MAS, Todos o el Pro.

Los tradicionales han re contra argumentado y aplicado su máxima influencia para que el Servel aplique una nueva modalidad de refichaje a las que ya habían. Hasta ahora este procedimiento se podía hacer de 2 maneras: presencial ante un ministro de fe o con una clave única en la web del Registro Civil. A esas fórmulas se le agregó la del correo electrónico con scanner de cédula de identidad.

A los partidos les interesa esta facilidad ya que no son capaces de re conquistar a sus afiliados. El PPD por ejemplo, tendría sólo 7500 inscritos y en el actual escenario quedaría obsoleto ante los requerimientos del Servel. Otros como la DC dicen llevar 14000 y la UDI más de 12000, mientras el PS ya suma más de 18200.

Sin embargo, para las inscripciones de nuevos militantes es un trámite levemente más complicado en el que el solicitante debe hacer que la petición incluya firma notarial, aumentando costos, tiempo y disminuyendo el interés de ser un actor político en un Chile en el que la abstención en la última votación fue de 66,6%. Altísima.

Así el refichaje es clave para la subsistencia de los partidos, pero también es decidor en la distribución de financiamiento que reciben los partidos bajo la nueva norma de partidos políticos vigente desde el año pasado.

El diputado Giorgio Jackson dijo que el sistema se presta para tongos políticos y su colega Gabriel Boric dijo que la fórmula era vergonzosa. En respuesta a esa posición crítica, el refichaje incluye un sistema de carta certificada para que el afiliado esté al tanto del proceso realizado como medida preventiva para evitar fraudes, poco en realidad para asegurar el correcto funcionamiento del sistema.

Boric agrega que “es una vergüenza que el Servel termine haciendo reglas especiales para partidos que, como hemos visto, están inflados artificialmente y que, ante la desesperación por no conseguir militantes, buscan facilitar los procedimientos para su conveniencia.”

“El Servel se pone al servicio de los partidos tradicionales y sigue manteniendo altas las barreras de ingreso de nuevos actores políticos” dijo el presidente de RD, Sebastián Depolo.

Santamería / Foto: SoyChile

Pero Patricio Santamaría, presidente del consejo del Servel dice que es una polémica artificial ya que el refichaje no es lo mismo que la inscripción de nuevos militantes, sin embargo, eso no dice mucho ni se atiene al debate.

Osvaldo Andrade, presidente de la Cámara de Diputados fue más cauto y dijo que “la idea de facilitar el refichaje es un error. Las reglas están claras, estuvieron claras siempre para todos, todos operaron sobre la base de esas reglas. Cambiarlas genera un debate completamente desafortunado porque revive la tensión que tuvimos entre los partidos tradicionales con los partidos en formación. Y en ese debate los que están a pérdida van a ser siempre los partidos tradicionales” y complementa aclarando que éstas son normas fijas y definidas, no tratados que puedan ser manipulados.

 Si te gustó este artículo, ¡compártelo! ¡Gracias!

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