Lo primero es decir que a mi entender las farmacias populares no son una medida populista, sino una respuesta económica social, reaccionaria, para equilibrar las brutales diferencias que deja el sistema y a eso responde su definición básica.
Según Wikipedia, una farmacia popular es un establecimiento, por lo general de tipo estatal, que expende o comercializa medicamentos a un precio más bajo que en el presente en el mercado farmacéutico. Suelen ser administrados por el gobierno local, como un municipio, siendo considerado como una ayuda social prestada por el Estado para personas de bajos ingresos o que gastan un alto porcentaje de su presupuesto familiar en medicamentos, además de ser una medida paliativa a la desigualdad de ingreso en un país determinado. La venta está normalmente sujeta a condiciones de compra en relación a la cantidad y a quién puede adquirirlos, con el fin de evitar la reventa y no estatizar el mercado en una economía libre.
Las dos primeras en Chile fueron Recoleta (única desde el 2015) y Viña del Mar en enero del año posterior. Luego fue San Ramón.
El fundamento público para la creación de estos locales fue el apoyo a la población más vulnerable residente en la comuna como una colaboración a la ciudadanía desde el municipio.
El abastecimiento
Un tema es el abastecimiento, que proviene o de la Central Nacional de Abastecimiento (Cenabast) o de los laboratorio.
Unos 46 municipios tienen deuda con Cenabast por las farmarcias populares cuenta Emol ya que comprarlos acá representa un 88% de ahorro respecto al precio de las grandes cadenas. Por eso, el director del organismo, Pablo Venegas explicó que las municipalidades deben saldar sus compromisos pendientes o, al menos, presentar un plan de pago. De lo contrario no podrán abrir ni ejercer.
“Muchos municipios que gestionan atención primaria de salud compran sus medicamentos a través de Cenabast y han ido generando deudas, a veces importantes. Lo que nosotros les decimos es que no podemos dejar que mantengan esa deuda y que abran farmacias comunales, porque no corresponde”, aseguró Venegas.
Por ejemplo, Cenabast adquiere el Eutirox de 100 mg a 568 pesos. Las tres cadenas (Ahumada, Cruz Verde y Salcobrand) la venden en promedio a 10 mil 157 pesos. Mientras que el Ritalin tiene un precio de 2 mil 380 pesos que en las farmacias se vende a 40 mil pesos. Se trata de un ahorro superior al 90%.
A su vez, el paracetamol de 500 mg se adquiere a 121 pesos, mientras que se vende a 627. Los 100 mg de aspirina, a su vez, se venden en promedio a 3 mil pesos y Cenabast lo adquiere a 625 pesos. Los números, eso sí desactualizados, son claros y potentes.
Eso perjudicaría los proyectos municipales, pues una de las principales razones por las cuales los municipios podrían tener medicamentos a precio costo en sus farmacias es que al comprarlos a través de Cenabast obtienen precios mucho más baratos que en el mercado.
Cifras presentadas por el Ministerio de Salud (Minsal) en Emol dicen que de una canasta de 47 productos de alta demanda los medicamentos son 7,3 veces más caros comprándolos a farmacias de cadena que a Cenabast.
En total, 224 comunas tienen pasivos por $7.500 millones con Cenabast. Teóricamente, las comunas no deberían tener ninguna deuda por medicamentos, pues el Minsal entrega un monto mensual por cada uno de los inscritos en los consultorios que administran los ediles. Sin embargo, estos últimos aseguran que las deudas existen porque ese financiamiento estatal no alcanza para cubrir los costos reales de atender la salud de la población.
El punto es que de esos 7500, $6.000 millones corresponden a deuda de más de 365 días, ósea, 80% no es de las farmacias populares que se han ido configurando lentamente desde 2015, si no que anterior.
Por su parte, Cenabast está quebrada y adeuda montos millonarios a otras instituciones y por varios motivos más indiferente a esta modalidad, como mala administración.
La cosa es que en la mayoría de los países “normales” por nombrarlos de una manera, los mismos remedios cuestan lo que sale en estas farmacias comunales –yo lo comprobé en Australia donde adquiría remedios básicos en el supermercado por 30% del costo en Chile-.
Lo que sucede es que aquí se descontroló el asunto y las cadenas y los laboratorios son mercados de mafias corruptas. Vale mencionar que ya cuentan con antecedentes de colusión, entre varias prácticas irregulares como industria.
Si te gustó este artículo, ¡compártelo! ¡Gracias!
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